Teste do pezinho: exame ofertado gratuitamente nos postos de saúde de Fortaleza promove detecção precoce de diversas doenças

Neste 6 de junho, Dia Nacional do Teste do Pezinho, a Prefeitura de Fortaleza destaca a importância da realização do exame nos primeiros dias de vida

 

Para promover um desenvolvimento saudável e prevenir complicações futuras em recém-nascidos, a Prefeitura de Fortaleza, por meio da Secretaria Municipal da Saúde (SMS), oferece gratuitamente o teste do pezinho nas Unidades de Atenção Primária à Saúde (UAPS). Neste 6 de junho, Dia Nacional do Teste do Pezinho, a Prefeitura de Fortaleza destaca a importância da realização do exame nos primeiros dias de vida.

Classificado como um dos testes de triagem neonatal, o exame é fundamental para a identificação precoce de doenças congênitas como fibrose cística, doença falciforme e hipotireoidismo congênito. O ideal é que a coleta ocorra entre o 3º e o 5º dia de vida do bebê, período em que diversas enfermidades ainda não apresentam sintomas aparentes, mas já podem ser detectadas com precisão.

De janeiro a abril deste ano, foram realizados 5.232 testes nos postos de saúde e maternidade do Município, reforçando o compromisso da rede de saúde com a proteção integral da infância. Segundo Erlemus Soares, coordenador das Redes de Atenção Primária e Psicossocial de Fortaleza, o diagnóstico precoce pode ser determinante para o sucesso do tratamento e até mesmo para a sobrevivência da criança. “Os postos de saúde estão preparados para garantir esse direito. Caso o exame não seja feito na maternidade, os pais ou responsáveis devem procurar a unidade mais próxima”, destaca.

Como é feito o teste

A coleta é simples e rápida. O procedimento consiste em uma pequena punção no calcanhar do bebê, área bem vascularizada, para obtenção da amostra de sangue. A técnica utilizada é a lanceta, que oferece mais segurança e conforto do que as agulhas convencionais. Para a realização do exame, é necessário apresentar na unidade de saúde a Declaração de Nascido Vivo (DNV) da criança e o Cartão Nacional de Saúde (CNS) da mãe.

Caso o resultado do teste aponte alguma alteração, a criança é encaminhada para exames confirmatórios e encaminhamento para com especialistas, garantindo a continuidade do cuidado e o início precoce do tratamento.

Prazos e ampliação

Após a coleta, as amostras são encaminhadas ao Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Ceará (Lacen).O tempo médio entre a chegada da amostra ao Lacen e a liberação do resultado é de aproximadamente cinco dias.

Atualmente, o teste do pezinho permite a triagem de seis doenças. No entanto, com a Lei nº 14.154/2021, está prevista a ampliação gradual do escopo para até 14 grupos de doenças, podendo chegar a cerca de 50 condições ao longo das próximas etapas. A definição dos prazos para essa ampliação cabe ao Ministério da Saúde.

Doenças atualmente detectadas pelo teste

Hipotireoidismo congênito: Pode causar retardo mental grave (cretinismo) se não for tratado precocemente.
Fenilcetonúria: Doença genética rara que afeta o sistema neurológico.
Anemia falciforme: Doença hereditária do sangue que compromete a oxigenação do organismo e pode causar dores, fraqueza e infecções.
Fibrose cística: Doença hereditária que afeta os sistemas respiratório e digestivo, além das glândulas sudoríparas.
Hiperplasia adrenal congênita: Afeta a produção de hormônios essenciais, podendo levar à desidratação grave e até à morte se não tratada precocemente.
Deficiência de biotinidase: Doença metabólica que pode provocar convulsões, atraso no desenvolvimento, problemas neurológicos, dermatite e queda de cabelo.

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